Capital
EUROPE
EUROPEAN CAPITAL / CITY OF CULTURE
The European City of Culture was designed to bring European peoples closer and was launched on the initiative of Melina Mercouri by the Council of Ministers (13 June 1985). The title was renamed "European Capital of Culture" from 2005. In the light of EU enlargement, two capitals will be selected each year from 2007 until 2019.
Official EU Website
European Network of Capitals of Culture and Culture Months (ECCM)
2019 - Italy
2018 - Netherlands, Malta
2017 - Denmark, Cyprus
2016 - Spain, Poland
2015 - Belgium, Czech Rep
2014 - Sweden, Latvia
2013 - France, Slovakia
2012 - Portugal, Slovenia
2011 - Finland: Turku, Estonia: Tallinn
2010 - Germany: Essen, Hungary: Pecs , Turkey, Istanbul
2009 - Austria:Linz, Lithuania: Vilnius
2008 - UK: Liverpool, Norway: Stavanger
2007 - Luxembourg : Luxembourg & Greater Region, Romania: Sibiu
2006 - Greece: Patras
2005 - Ireland: Cork
2004 - France: Lille, Italy: Genova
2003 - Austria: Graz
2002 - Belgium: Bruges, Spain: Salamanca
2001 - Portugal: Porto, Netherlands: Rotterdam
2000 - France: Avignon, Norway: Bergen, Italy: Bologna, Belgium: Brussels, Poland: Cracow, Finland: Helsinki, Czech Republic: Prague, Iceland: Reykjavik, Spain: Santiago de Compostela,
1999 - Germany: Weimar
1998 - Sweden: Stockholm
1997 - Greece: Thessaloniki
1996 - Denmark: Copenhagen
1995 - Luxembourg: Luxembourg
1994 - Portugal: Lisbon
1993 - Belgium: Antwerp
1992 - Spain: Madrid
1991 - Ireland: Dublin
1990 - UK: Glasgow
1989 - France: Paris
1988 - Germany: Berlin
1987 - Netherlands: Amsterdam
1986 - Italy: Florence
1985 - Greece: Athens
EUROPEAN CULTURAL MONTH
In response to the expressed wish to host the European City of Culture event by an increasing number of cities both in the Community and elsewhere, in the conclusions to the meeting on 18 May 1990, the Ministers for Culture initiated the European Cultural Month for the countries of central and eastern Europe. Its aims are the same as those of the European City of Culture, although it is only a month-long celebration during the year.
2001 - Switzerland: Basel, Latvia: Riga
1999 - Bulgaria: Plovdiv
1998 - Austria: Linz, Malta: Valletta
1997 - Slovenia: Ljubljana
1996 - Russia: St Petersburg
1995 - Cyprus: Nicosia
1994 - Hungary: Budapest
1993 - Austria: Graz
1992 - Poland: Cracow
EUROPEAN REGION OF THE YEAR
European Region of the Year website
2006 - Bosnia & Herzogovina: Sarajevo, Serbia: Vojvodina
2005 - Italy: Piemonte, Ukraine: Kyiv
2004 - Portugal: Madeira, Belgium: German-speaking Community
2003 - Spain: Balearic Islands, Russia: Karelia
SELECTED REPORTS & DOCUMENTS
Study on the European Cities and Capitals of Culture and the European Cultural Months (1995-2004)
European cultural capital event, the: strategic weapon in the cultural arms race?
European cities of culture - implications on tourism
City centre regeneration in the context of the 2001 European Capital of Culture in Porto, Portugal
Impact of cultural events on city image, the: Rotterdam, Cultural Capital of Europe 2001
Cultural policy as urban transformation? Critical reflections on Glasgow, European City of Culture 1990
OTHER
American Capital Of Culture Programme
American Capital Of Culture Programme website
2007 - Cuzco, Peru
2006 - Argentine: Cordoba
2005 - Mexico: Guadalajera
2004 - Chile: Santiago
2003 - Panama: Panama City, Brazil: Curitiba
2002 - Brazil: Maceio
2001 - Chile: Iquique
2000 - Mexico: Merida
Arabian Capital of Culture
2009 - Qods.
2008 - Damas.
2007 - Alger
2006 - Mascate
2005 - Khartoun
2004 - Sanaa
2003 - Rabat
2002 -
2001 - Kuwait
2000 -
1999 - Beirouth
1998 - Sharjah
1997 - Tunis
Brazilian Capital of Culture
Brazilian Capital of Culture website
2007: São João del Rei,Gerais
2006 - Olinda (Pernambuco)
Canadian Capital of Culture
2007 Edmonton, Vallée de Comox and Moose Jaw
Catalan Capital of Culture
Catalan Capital of Culture website
2008 - Perpignon, France
2007 - Lleida
2006 - Amposta
2005 - Esparreguera
2004 - Banyoles
Islamic Capital of Culture
2007 Tripoli and Fez
2006 Tombouktou,Ispahan and Aleppo
2005 Mecca
Volga Capital of Culture
Volga Capital of Culture
2007 - Perm anf Nizhnij Novgorod
2006 - Nizhny Novgorod, Perm
2005 - ???
2004 - Izhevsk
2003 - Cheboksary
2002 - Kirov, Nizhnekamsk
2001 - Ulyanovsk
World Book Capital
2001: Madrid
2002: Alexandria
2003: New Delhi
2004: Antwerp
2005: Montreal
2006: Turin
2007: Bogotá
2008: Amsterdam
2009: Beirut
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